Basic data communications - a comprehensive overview

Wireless Communications

Wireless technology is a truly revolutionary paradigm shift, enabling multimedia communications between people and devices from any location. It also underpins exciting applications such as sensor networks, smart homes, telemedicine, and automated highways. This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the basic principles, design techniques and analytical tools of wireless communications,...

An Overview of Group Key Management Issues in IEEE 802.16e Networks

The computer industry has defined the IEEE 802.16 family of standards that will enable mobile devices to access a broadband network as an alternative to digital subscriber line technology. As the mobile devices join and leave a network, security measures must be taken to ensure the safety of the network against unauthorized usage by encryption and group key management. IEEE 802.16e uses Multica...

Electromagnetic waves a new tool for cellular communications

Distant cells can communicate with each other in a variety of ways. Electrical and chemical mechanisms are two known mechanisms for the establishment of intercellular connections. In recent years, research has shown that many cells influence each other's behavior by sending electromagnetic waves together. The existence of such connections can justify many unknown cellular behaviors. The article...

A Comprehensive Overview of Basic Clustering Algorithms

A Comprehensive Overview on Valuable Tropane Alkaloids: Scopolamine, Atropine, and Hyoscyamine

Tropane alkaloids such as scopolamine (C17H21NO4), atropine (C17H23NO3) and hyoscyamine (C17H23NO3) are the most important plant secondary metabolites in the pharmaceutical industry due to anticholinergic activity, competition with muscarinic receptors and also treating different human diseases. Scopolamine, hyoscyamine and atropine are the most important tropane alkaloids used as anticoagulant...